Transition+Metals+(Groups+4,+5+and+6)

Transition Metals (Group 4, 5 and 6) //Group 6://
 * Group 4:**
 * **Titanium (Ti)**
 * **Zirconium (Zr)**
 * **Hafnium (Hf)**
 * **Rutherfordium (Rf) - Bolded= Phi (Done with uses)**
 * Group 5:**
 * **Vanadium (V)**
 * **Niobium (Nb)**
 * //Tantalum (Ta)//
 * //Dubnium (Db)//
 * //Chromium (Cr) - Italic= Huy//
 * //Molybdenum (Mo)//
 * //Tungsten (W)//
 * //Seaborgium(Sg)//

To see the images of all these atoms please click this Link and click the symbol/elements: []


 * Titanium: ** Titanium has an atomic number of 22 and its symbol is Ti. Its appearance is described as “Silvery Grey. Metallic White” Titanium alloys are strong and are resistant to corrosion which means that they are perfect for air craft’s, armour plating, naval ships, space crafts and missiles. Titanium oxide is the white pigment found in toothpaste, paint, paper and some plastics. Hip Balls and joint replacements are also made out of Titanium as they can stay within place for 20 years.

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 * Zirconium: ** Zirconium is a “lustrous, very corrosion resistant, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium.” It is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number of 40. It is primarily used in nuclear reactors because it has a “low neutron-capture cross-section and its resistance to corrosion” which makes it the best for the cladding of fuel elements. It is also used by chemical industries where corrosive agents are employed because it is very resistant to corrosion by many common acids and alkalis and by sea water.

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 * Hafnium: ** Hafnium is a “lustrous, silvery, ductile metal”. It resists corrosion because it has a tough, impenetrable oxide film on the surface. One of Hafnium’s best physical properties is that it reacts very well with neutrons, which are small particles in the nucleus of an atom. This is why it is used in Nuclear Fission Reactors where two atoms are collided against each other in a controlled process which then causes a huge amount of nuclear energy to release which is then converted into electricity. Hafnium can absorb a lot of neutrons which is why they use it to make rods to control the Nuclear Fission Reactions. Hafnium is also used to make “Binary Compounds” which are very good refractory materials. Refractory materials can endure high temperatures which make them perfect for lining furnaces and refractory ovens. More common uses of Hafnium are:
 * It is Often used as a Scavenger metal to retrieve oxygen and nitrogen.
 * It’s used in plasma cutting as an electrode because it has the ability to release electrons
 * It is used for making super alloys. Super alloys can withstand high temperatures and high levels of pressure which is perfect in Space.
 * It is often used in leading companies like Intel to replace silicon chips. They use this because Intel says that it makes their computer chip transistors faster and there is a decrease in leakage by %20
 * It is also used for tantalum coating parts of rocket engines


 * Rutherfordium: ** Rutherfordium is a man made radioactive element and the first transactinide (elements having higher atomic weights than those of actinide series) element. It has the symbol Rf and the atomic number of 104. Since Rutherfordium is highly radioactive, it is only used for research.



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 * Vanadium: ** Vanadium has the atomic number of 23 and the symbol V. “Pure Vanadium is a soft, ductile bright white metal”.” Vanadium is used in nuclear applications for producing rust-resistant spring and high-speed tool steels, and as a carbide stabilizer in making steels.” Vanadium foil is used as a bonding agent for cladding steel with titanium. There is also Vanadium-gallium tape which is used to produce superconducting magnets.

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 * Niobium: ** Niobium is a rare, soft, malleable, ductile, gray-white metal. It has the atomic number of 41 and has the symbol of Nb. It is used in the production of high-temperature-resistant alloys and special stainless steels. It is also used in Stainless steel for nuclear reactors, jets, missiles, cutting tools, pipeline, super magnets and welding rods. For the Super magnets they are used as wires making the super magnets capable of producing strong magnetic fields. They are also used in surgical implants as they do not react with human tissue.

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**Tantalum:**This element was found in 1802 by a Swedish chemist; Anders Ekeberg. It is known for its strength against chemical attacks, making it almost invulnerable to corrosion at room temperature. Because the element does not react to any strong chemicals bodily fluids it is used to make surgical equipments, similar to the previous element, Niobium. This element is also used in capacitors and high-power resistors.Its atomic number is 73 and 'Ta' as its symbol.



[[|h]‍‍‍‍‍‍‍[|ttp://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele073.html] ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍] [[|http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/P-T/Tantalum.html]]

**//Dubnium://** This element cannot be found natural but rather artificially made in laboratories. It is radioactive and has no uses other than research and simple studies because of its short half-life and the small amount produced. [[]]l

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 * Chromium: ** Chromium is a silver-gray, lustrous, brittle, hard metal. The atomic number for Chromium is 24 and it has the symbol of Cr. When Chromium is heated a green chromic oxide is then formed. Because Chromium is unstable in oxygen, it produces a thin oxide layer than is impermeable to oxygen and protect the metal below. Because of this the main use of Chromium are in allows such as Stainless steel.


 * Molybdenum: ** Molybdenum is a silvery white, very hard transition metal. Its symbol is Mo and it has the atomic number of 42. Molybdenum is a valuable alloying agent, as it contributes to the harden ability and toughness of quenched and tempered steels. It can also improve the strength of steal at high temperatures. Other uses for Molybdenum are alloys, electrodes and catalysts.



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 * Tungsten: ** Tungsten is a lustrous and silvery white metal. Its atomic number is 74 and it has the symbol W. Tungsten resists attacks by oxygen, acids and alkalis. It also has the highest melting point of any metal. /because of its high melting point it is used in filaments in incandescent light bulbs. It is also used in electric contacts and arc-welding electrodes. Tungsten is used in alloys like steel where it imparts great strength. The most important use for tungsten is Cement carbide because its main component is tungsten carbide (WC). Some other uses are to cast our iron and also; it makes excellent cutting tools for machining of steel.



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 * Seaborgium: ** Seaborgium is an artificially produced radioactive chemical element. Its symbol is Sg and it has the Atomic number of 106. The appearance of it is unknown but probably has a silvery white or metallic gray colour. Since it is a radioactive chemical, it is only used in research.

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=**Trends in Transition metals**=
 * Transition metals have high melting points because of their strong metallic bonds
 * The first 4 elements in a row always have the highest melting point

[|http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Transition_Metals_and_Coordination_Complexes/Periodic_Trends#Periodic_trends_of_Transition_Metals]


 * References: **

//Uses of Titanium //  n.d., Want To Know It, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//Appearance of titanium? //  n.d., ID1369190976, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//What is Zirconium, and how do people use it in their everyday life ? // n.d., Yahoo! Answers, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//Hafnium - Hf //  n.d., LennTech, accessed 14 October 2011, [|http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/hf.htm].

//Hafnium Uses //n.d., Buzzle.com, accessed 14 October 2011, []

//Element Rutherfordium - Rf //  n.d., Environmental chemistry, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//What are the uses for rutherfordium? //n.d., Answers.com, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Vanadium Facts //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">n.d., About.com, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Niobium - Nb //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;"> n.d., LennTech, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">The Element Tantalum // <span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">n.d., Jefferson Lab, accessed 14 October 2011, [].

<span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tantalum n.d., Chemistry explained, accessed 14 October 2011

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">[]

//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Chromium - Cr n.d., LennTech, accessed 14 October 2011, []. //

//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Molybdenum Mo //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">n.d., LennTech, accessed 14 October 2011,

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//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tungsten W //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">n.d., LennTech, accessed 14 October 2011,

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">< <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;"> >.

//<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Seaborgium Sg //<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">n.d., LennTech, accessed 14 October 2011,

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">< <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;"> [] <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;"> >.