Pnictogens

__Pnictogens__ Pnictogens is also known as Group V in the periodic table. It consists of Nitrogen, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth and Unumpentium. They are known for their ability to form stable compounds because they tend to form double or triple covalent compounds. By [|Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.] , About.com Guide __Nitrogen (N)__ Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. It is in gas form in room temperature and it is an inert gas. It is also the fifth most abundant element in the universe making up about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere. Nitrogen in its liquid form is used for refrigeration and preservation of biological samples. High pressure nitrogen is used by oil companies to help force crude oil to the surface. Steve Gagnon, [] __Antimony (Sb)__ Antimony has an atomic number of 51. It is a solid in room temperature and it is a metalloid. Like arsenic it has toxic properties and is harmful to the body. It can irritate you eyes, skin and lungs. It behaves like sulphur but it is more metallic. When frozen it expands in size just like water. Antimony has three allotropes: yellow crystalline, amorphous black and explosive. It is used in alloys to make it stronger and also used in car batteries. Antimony trioxide is flame retardant. 1. Robert E. Krebs, The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide., (2006) p219. Greenwood Publishing Group 2. Thomas Thomson, The history of chemistry, Volume 1, (1830) p74. (ebook digitized by Google) 3. Vannoccio Biringuccio, The Pirotechnia of Vannoccio Biringuccio, translated by Cyril Stanley Smith and Martha Teach Gnudi, (1990) p201. Dover Publications 4. Mahadev M. Kumbar, Chemistry in a Day of Student's Life, (2003) p179. iUniverse 5. [] 6. [] 7. [] 8. George Stuart Brady, Henry R. Clauser, John A. Vaccari Materials Handbook., (2002) p74. McGraw Hill Professional 9. Jeffrey H. Tigay, [|Introduction to the Bible] 10. Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge, [|An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary] ., 1978, p329, Dover Publications. 11. Chung Yu Wagn, [|Antimony], 1919, p10-12, Charles Griffin and Co. Ltd. (pdf document).

__Phosphorous (Ph)__ Next to calcium, phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in the body. Its atomic number is 15. These 2 important nutrients work closely together to build strong bones and teeth. About 85% of phosphorus in the body can be found in bones and teeth, but it is also present in cells and tissues throughout the body. Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the kidneys and plays an essential role in how the body stores and uses energy. It also helps reduce muscle pain after a hard workout. Phosphorus is needed for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cells, and for the production of the genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is also needed to help balance and use other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, magnesium, and zinc. Having too much phosphorus in the body is actually more common and more worrisome than having too little. Too much phosphorus is generally caused by kidney disease or by consuming too much dietary phosphorus and not enough dietary calcium. Several studies suggest that higher intakes of phosphorus are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. As the amount of phosphorus you eat rises, so does the need for calcium. The delicate balance between calcium and phosphorus is necessary for proper bone density and prevention of osteoporosis. 2011 University of Maryland Medical Centre (UMMC). All rights reserved. UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/phosphorus-000319.htm __Unupmentium__ Unupmentium symbol is Uup. The group it belongs to is superheavy elements and it was 1989. Its Atomic number is 115. On February 2, 2004, scientists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, along with scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, announced the creation of ununpentium. The reaction was a fusion of elements 20 with element 95: calcium-48 with Americium-243. [] __Bismuth__ Bismuth was discovered in the fifteenth century in 1753 by Claude Geoffroy. Its type is metal and nitrogen. Bismuth symbol is BI, its atomic weight is 208.9804 and its atomic volume is 21.3 cm3/mol. There’s a crystal of bismuth this is a picture of it and the photo was taken by Micha L. Rieser.

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en.wikipedia.org Antimony

summagallicana.it Arsenic

__References__ []
 * 1) [|Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.] , About.com Guide
 * 2) . Robert E. Krebs, The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide., (2006) p219. Greenwood Publishing Group
 * 3) Thomas Thomson, The history of chemistry, Volume 1, (1830) p74. (ebook digitized by Google)
 * 4) Vannoccio Biringuccio, The Pirotechnia of Vannoccio Biringuccio, translated by Cyril Stanley Smith and Martha Teach Gnudi, (1990) p201. Dover Publications
 * 5) Mahadev M. Kumbar, Chemistry in a Day of Student's Life, (2003) p179. iUniverse
 * 6) []
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 * 9) George Stuart Brady, Henry R. Clauser, John A. Vaccari Materials Handbook., (2002) p74. McGraw Hill Professional
 * 10) Jeffrey H. Tigay, [|Introduction to the Bible]
 * 11) Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge, [|An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary] ., 1978, p329, Dover Publications.
 * 12) Chung Yu Wagn, [|Antimony], 1919, p10-12, Charles Griffin and Co. Ltd. (pdf document
 * 13) 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved. UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 []
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